Although best known for his work in the pop world (particularly with The Beatles), producer Sir George Martin had a lifelong love of classical music which he put to great use over his career.
Born and raised in North London, Martin saved up for piano lessons as a teenager, desperate to perform the piano sonatas of Beethoven and Mozart. At school, meanwhile, Martin's interest in classical music was further fuelled by a visit from the London Symphony Orchestra and their conductor Adrian Boult.
After serving in the Royal Navy during World War Two, Martin consolidated his grounding in music, studying composition, conducting and orchestration at the Guildhall School of Music. He also took up the oboe to ‘earn a bit of living’ – in later years, he cited Mozart’s Oboe Quartet, K370 as one of his favourite pieces.
How George Martin added classical music into The Beatles's irresistible soundworld
Martin spent a brief time after his graduation working in the BBC’s classical music department, before his move to Parlophone records in London (a subsidiary of EMI) in 1950. At this time, he developed an interest in comedy recordings. In one of these, the actor Peter Ustinov sang in a 'mock' Mozartian opera style (see below).
Martin's work with The Beatles, whom he famously signed in 1962, saw him gradually introduce classical music elements into their recordings, beginning with a string quartet arrangement to accompany Paul McCartney’s song ‘Yesterday’ in 1965. He later developed more complex orchestrations, including the famous glissando performed by a 41-piece orchestra in ‘A Day in The Life’ on the 1967 album Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Heart’s Club Band.
Martin was no mean composer himself, as displayed in his cleverly constructed score for Yellow Submarine film in 1968 – as well as quoting JS Bach, the score also showed touches of Stravinsky and Holst. His work as a composer included writing for classical guitarist John Williams and the Medici Quartet.
Tchaikovsky to the Mahavishnu Orchestra - Martin's eclectic musical universe
In the 1990s, Martin made a recording of songs by George Gershwin, featuring bass-baritone Willard White while, in 2002, he curated a series of discs called ‘Sir George Martin Presents’ focusing on different composers, including Mozart, Holst and Vaughan Williams, and Beethoven.
As for his own favourites? On a 1996 episode of Desert Island Discs, Martin picked Tchaikovsky’s Romeo and Juliet overture, calling it ‘one of the greatest pieces of love music ever written'. He also regarded the 1974 album Apocalypse by the Mahavishnu Orchestra – featuring conductor Michael Tilson Thomas and the London Symphony Orchestra with guitarist John McLaughlin, and produced by Martin – as ‘one of the best albums he ever made.’
- Six of the best: musical settings of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
- These 11 Shakespeare plays have inspired some of the greatest music ever written
George Martin: five classical-leaning recordings
Peter Ustinov – Mock Mozart (1953)
In his early days at Parlophone, Martin produced a run of comedy records, including this gem from 1953 that featured the actor Peter Ustinov and broadcaster Antony Hopkins. Ustinov lampoons various operatic singing styles with earnest, garbled vocals, while Hopkins tinkers away on a harpsichord.
The Beatles – Eleanor Rigby (1966)
During the composition of The Beatles's iconic Eleanor Rigby, when Paul McCartney asked for something in the style of Vivaldi, Martin instead based his staccato string arrangement on Bernard Herrmann’s intense soundtrack to the film Psycho. When the piece was recorded, the instruments had microphones placed up close, to pick up the scratching of the strings. This added a spiky texture to the sound.
- Bernard Herrmann features on our list of the 10 greatest film composers of all time
The Beatles – Penny Lane (1967)
Martin made increasing use of classical references in his work with The Beatles. The band’s single ‘Penny Lane’, for instance, features a Baroque-style piccolo trumpet solo, inspired by Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2. This was performed by the then Philharmonia trumpeter David Mason.
The Beatles – All You Need Is Love (1967)
Marking a landmark in broadcasting history, the song ‘All You Need is Love’ was performed to a live TV audience of 400 million people. Martin insisted on the use of a backing track in order to keep the musicians focused, including his studio orchestra. The song begins with a quote from the French national anthem ‘La Marseillaise’ and during the long fade out at the end, there are quotes from ‘Greensleeves’ and JS Bach’s Invention No. 8 in F.
George Martin – Three American Sketches (1995)
Martin wrote a group of pieces for classical guitarist John Williams and the Medici Quartet. Three American Sketches, which Martin humbly described as his ‘attempt to paint a picture of America’, is a beautiful suite that contains three movements – ‘Westward Look’, ‘Old Boston’ and ‘New York, New York’.
Article by Neil McKim for BBC Music Magazine