Sometimes you can't help wondering why so many people continue to pick up the violin and piano when they could be learning the hurdy gurdy or the hydraulophone. The musical world is a vast and fascinating place, and there are many bizarre instruments in it, some of which will take you to sonic places you never knew existed. Here are ten of the weirdest musical instruments in the musical pantheon.
Weirdest musical instruments
1. Theremin
The theremin is the quintessence of ‘weird’, known, as it is, for its contactless playing technique, its use in science fiction films... and the fact that it sounds like a descending UFO.
It was invented in 1920 by the Russian Soviet-era scientist Leon Theremin, who, as a 23-year-old man working at the Physical Technical Institute in Petrograd, noticed that something strange happened when he connected audio circuits to an electrical device called an oscillator in a certain way.
The oscillator produced an audible tone when he held his hands near it, and he could shift the tone just by waving his hands about. He saw its potential as a musical instrument and delivered the first concert with it soon afterwards.
Over the years composers such as Bohuslav Martinů, Percy Grainger, Edgard Varèse and Dmitri Shostakovich have all written for the theremin. In recent years, meanwhile, the German-Serbian virtuoso Carolina Eyck has done much to glamourise the instrument. But still, the theremin continues to occupy a particular niche in the musical world, with a select (if devoted) group of followers.
2. Glass harp
In theory, many people could play this instrument, which consists of upright wine glasses, each tuned to a different pitch. All you need is a very well stocked glassware cabinet. And yet, you don’t see that many people playing it.
Maybe that’s because it can be an extraordinarily virtuosic feat: just filling up all those glasses to the right level is enough of an undertaking before you begin to factor in the required precision of playing them. Or maybe it’s because smashed glass is nobody’s favourite thing to clear up….
Either way, for all that the instrument has a long lineage (it has been documented in Persia from as early as the 14th century) the glass harp remains a rarity - and all the more alluring for it.
3. Hyperbass Flute
The largest and lowest-pitched member of the flute family, the hyperbass flute is otherwise known as the ‘flautist foghorn’. And it contains over 15 metres of piping. That alone gets it entry into our list of weirdest instruments.
Invented by the Italian flautist Roberto Fabbriciani, it first appeared at the turn of the 21st century, and made its debut in Alessandro Grego’s Persistenza della memoria - a piece that also includes live electronics and magnetic tape. Since then the instrument has enjoyed a few more outings, mostly thanks to Fabbriciani, who has devoted two entire CDs to it.
4. Hurdy-gurdy
It’s played by turning a hand-cranked wheel, and sounds like a rather dour cross between a bagpipe and a violin.
'It was shoved to the bottom of the musical hierarchy, acquiring names like the ‘beggar’s lyre’
The hurdy-gurdy is thought to have originated from fiddles in either Europe or the Middle East some time before the eleventh century A.D and flourished during the Renaissance. But by the end of the 17th century, evolving musical tastes demanded more polyphonic complexity than the hurdy-gurdy could provide. As a result it was shoved to the bottom of the musical hierarchy, acquiring names like the ‘peasant’s lyre’, and the ‘beggar’s lyre.’
Happily, since then, the hurdy-gurdy has made quite the comeback - and not just among classical composers. Heavy metal musicians love its haunting quality. Meanwhile, movie music composers seem to see it as the go-to instrument for evoking the music of the Middle Ages.
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5. Fire organ
Also known as the pyrophone or Explosion Organ, the fire organ would be a shoo-in to any list of the most dangerous musical instruments ever created. That's because it creates sound using flames and explosions.
Essentially, instead of air or strings, the fire organ produces sound using controlled bursts of flame and gas explosions inside specially designed pipes. The flames create rapid expansions of gas, generating resonant tones similar to a pipe organ. Different pipe sizes produce different pitches, allowing the instrument to play full melodies.
The pyrophone was invented in the 19th century by Frederic Kastner, a French physicist and musician. He based it on earlier "singing flame" experiments, where flames inside tubes would naturally produce tones. Although it was showcased at events, the Pyrophone never became widely adopted - doubtless because of its inherent fire hazards.
So, what does it sound like? The Pyrophone produces haunting, eerie, and sometimes chaotic tones, depending on the fuel source and pipe configuration. This unpredictable nature gives it a unique and mesmerizing sound. Have a listen:
They are, as you can imagine, rare, though some modern versions have been built by experimental musicians and artists. You may also be lucky enough to catch one at a music festival or fire art installation.
6. Vegetable orchestra
The Vegetable Orchestra is exactly what it sounds like—a musical ensemble that performs using instruments made entirely from fresh vegetables. Based in Vienna, Austria, the group carves carrots into flutes, turns pumpkins into drums, and fashions cucumbers into trumpets. Since its founding in 1998, the orchestra has created a unique fusion of experimental music, electronic beats, and vegetable-based soundscapes.
After each performance, the leftover vegetable scraps are used to make soup, which is served to the audience—making it one of the most sustainable (and edible) musical acts in the world!
7. Hydraulophone
The hydraulophone is the antithesis of the pyrophone, in that it uses the flow of water, rather than fire, to make music. Patented in 2011, the hydraulophone consists of a row of fluid jets which can be blocked by one’s fingers to create musical notes. As such, it works in a similar way to the organ (albeit with water, rather than air), though the sound is even more otherworldly.
Fun and user-friendly as they are, hydraulophones have been used in various children’s museums and attraction parks, with the world’s largest located in the outdoor plaza of the Ontario Science Centre in Canada.
More weirdest instruments
8. Stalacpipe Organ
The Stalacpipe Organ is one of the most unique and bizarre musical instruments in the world. Located inside Virginia’s Luray Caverns, this instrument uses rubber mallets to strike stalactites, producing eerie, cathedral-like music.
The organ was invented in 1956 by Leland W. Sprinkle, a mathematician and scientist. He discovered that the stalactites inside the cavern could produce musical tones when struck. He carefully selected and tuned 37 stalactites by sanding them down to exact pitches.
The organ works by using rubber mallets controlled by a keyboard, which gently tap the stalactites to create deep, resonant tones.Since the caverns amplify the notes, it fills the space with an eerie, otherworldly music that no other instrument can replicate.
You won't be surprised to learn that the Stalacpipe Organ is the world's largest natural musical instrument, covering over 3.5 acres of the cave.
Here it is in action, playing the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven. Really quite extraordinary.
9. Smeller 2.0
The world’s first ever organ to waft out scents instead of sounds, Smeller 2.0 formed a central role at Berlin’s Osmodrama festival of smell in 2016, where it was used to create a narrative out of complex scent sequences alongside film screenings, literature readings and electronic music.
Does it technically count as a musical instrument? According to its creator Wolfgang Georgsdorf, Smeller 2.0 exudes ‘pure music for the nose’, while its scents can be written down as music notes and hence composed into chords, melodies and rhythms. So let’s lean into that analogy.
Weirdest instruments, continued
10. Zeusaphone
You might be alarmed by this instrument, which sends long arcs of electricity flying in all directions. So, basically, it's lightning that plays music.Not only is it perfectly safe to use, however, it’s also yours to own and cherish - for a few thousand dollars / pounds.
Named after Zeus, the ancient Greek god of lightning (among other roles and responsibilities), this musical tesla coil is unlikely to be joining your local amateur orchestra anytime soon. Thanks to its theatricality, however, it has formed a central role in various stage shows, not least Björk's 2011 performance piece Biophilia, during a song called ‘Thunderbolt’.
Here it is playing Bach's Toccata and Fugue. Have to say I find it more or less unlistenable after a couple of minutes, but it's certainly arresting to look at. What do you think?
11. Pikasso guitar
In 1984, the Canadian master luthier Linda Manzer was asked by jazz musician Pat Metheny to make a guitar that had as many strings as possible. Manzer's ingenious response was the Pikasso, an instrument with 42 strings arranged in four string sections, including a hexaphonic pickup.
Named after the cubist works of Pablo Picasso, it looks like a set of conjoined guitar triplets, and is capable of an incredible range of notes and sound effects: an entire guitar ensemble contained in a single instrument. Here's Linda introducing the instrument - stick around for the brilliant concept drawing...
12. Quint Neck Guitar
OK, if we had you at three-neck guitar, what about this bad boy?
The Quint Neck Guitar consists, as you can see, of no fewer than five guitar necks in one somewhat bulbous body. It was used by Rick Nielsen from the rock band Cheap Trick.
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The guitar was first envisioned by Nielsen during one of his frequent scribble sessions on a ruled notebook page. He took the concept to his manufacturer, Hamer Guitars, to bring it to life. Initially, Nielsen wanted a circular guitar that would allow him to spin it from neck to neck. However, Hamer ultimately scrapped the design due to weight and logistical challenges. Can't have it all, I guess.
13. Yaybahar
Described by its designer, Turkish musician Görkem Şen, as a ‘real-time acoustic string synthesizer’, this instrument looks very odd indeed. You play it by hitting or bowing two long strings suspended in the centre of two drum heads. As for the timbre: variously likened to whale song and sci-fi movie sound-effects, it occupies a unique category between mesmerising and terrifying.
14. Wintergatan Marble Machine
Winning the prize for the most spectacular weirdest instrument of all must surely be the Wintergatan Marble Machine: an enormous handmade music box that strikes a vibraphone, bass, kickdrum and other instruments using a hand crank and 2,000 marbles.
Designed and built by the Swedish musician Martin Molin, it took around two years to complete, which seems remarkably little, given that it includes some 3,000 hand-made components, and takes the concept of the ‘one-man-band’ to a whole new, surreal, level.
